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| Fig. 1. Horseshoe kidney with hydroureteronephrosis from the left side |
74-YO patient with horseshoe kidney and hematuria. Hydroureteronephrosis from the left side. Soft tissue component in left ureter and in lt UVJ. Susp for Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC).
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| Fig. 3. Soft tissue component in left UVJ. |
Stasis of urine and structural abnormalities such as horseshoe kidney are also associated with increased prevalence of TCC.
Synchronous bilateral TCC has been reported to occur in 1%–2% of cases of renal lesions and 2%–9% of cases of ureteric lesions.
Eleven percent to 13% of patients with upper tract TCC subsequently develop metachronous upper tract tumors.
Furthermore, up to 50% of patients initially presenting with upper tract TCC will develop metachronous tumors in the bladder, typically developing within 2 years of surgical treatment and seen more commonly with ureteric tumors than with renal tumors.
2% of patients with bladder TCC also have synchronous upper tract tumors at presentation, and 6% will develop metachronous upper tract disease.
CT urography is well established in the preoperative staging and assessment of upper tract TCC.